The Basics of Trust
A “trust fund” is less a financial account than a contract to manage the investment and/or distribution of assets under that contract. Every trust has three components:
- Grantor: The person who transfers assets into the trust.
- Beneficiary: Any person(s) or institution(s) receiving assets or money from the trust.
- Trustee: The individual or corporation who administers, invests and makes distributions to beneficiaries based on the directions in the trust document. Trusts can have more than one trustee.
Trusts can be “revocable” or “irrevocable.” A revocable living trust lets the grantor make changes, such as adding or removing trustees or beneficiaries, as well as other adjustments. A revocable living trust typically doesn’t offer tax or asset protection advantages during the life of the grantor, but it can be used for incapacity planning, to avoid probate, and to keep assets in further trust for a beneficiary upon the death of the grantor.
At the grantor’s death, the revocable trust becomes irrevocable. The terms of the now irrevocable trust allow you to control the future management and distribution of assets for the beneficiaries after your death. You can also establish an irrevocable trust during your lifetime. An irrevocable trust created during your lifetime can reduce certain tax liabilities, protect assets from future creditors, leave assets in further trusts for a surviving spouse, children and/or charities, or other estate planning goals you may have.
Choosing a Trustee
Given what’s at stake, the choice of trustee can be critical, but not always immediately so. For a revocable trust, for example, you can simply name yourself and/or your spouse as the current trustee(s).
When you are not around to serve as trustee, however, you may want to consider an experienced professional or corporate trustee. Why? Because an irrevocable trust typically involves more sophisticated accounting, decision making and tax planning. Before selecting a trustee for an irrevocable trust, you need to carefully consider who can best serve your needs and those of the trust’s beneficiaries in managing the assets held in trust.
Trusts, the Advantages
Some of the advantage of establishing a trust include:
Privacy: A conventional Last Will and Testament and its contents become a public record upon death if probate is required. However, assets held in trust typically remain confidential.
Creditor protection: As an independent entity, an irrevocable trust may protect the trust assets from creditor claims, whether yours or your beneficiary's. Assets in a revocable living trust, however, are still considered your property and remain subject to the claims of your creditors.
Tax advantages: Assets placed in an irrevocable trust generally no longer count as part of your taxable gross estate. This can help reduce future estate tax liabilities imposed by federal and state governments.
Charitable giving: Trusts can offer flexible charitable-giving options. For example, you can structure and fund an irrevocable trust that distributes income to your family members for a certain number of years, after which the remaining assets will be paid to a charitable organization you designate as a beneficiary. This type of charitable remainder trust allows for a charitable income tax deduction in the year you fund it, while also providing income for your family members.
Asset distribution: Transferring assets to family members after death isn't always simple. Let's say you own a business and have three children, but only one wants to run the business after you die. Placing a wholly owned business in a trust and purchasing a life insurance policy that the trust owns could allow one beneficiary of the trust to purchase the business from the other beneficiaries, while ensuring that the others receive the cash proceeds from the life insurance policy instead of the interest in the business.
Securing Your Legacy
Building, protecting and passing on a legacy involves much more than investing wisely. It requires careful analysis of your objectives, intelligent structuring of your assets, and integrated, strategic planning and implementation. A trust can be a valuable tool for ensuring continuity in achieving the financial objectives you envision for your family, your wholly owned business and philanthropic legacy for years and even generations to come.
Your Morgan Stanley Financial Advisor can connect you with a Trust Specialist or other estate planning resources within Morgan Stanley to help you look at the options, and which might be the best fit for you.
